Abdominal injuries, symptoms, signs and first aid to infected with open wound in the abdomen

The danger of wounds in the abdomen may be accompanied by injury of internal organs such as the intestines, liver and spleen.

Symptoms and signs of abdominal injuries.

- Severe pain.               - Nausea and vomiting.

 - Bruises.                     - Thirst.

 - External bleeding.     - The emergence of members of the abdomen.

 - Pale skin color.         - Feel the skin moist.

First Aid for infected with open wound in the abdomen

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- Stop the bleeding and try to control it.
- Place the patient on his back with no move.
- Remove the clothing from around the wound.
- When there guts out of the abdomen through open wounds, should not be expedient to try  to back into the abdomen.
- Place the wet parts above the wound (moisturizes parts with cold water sterilizer,).
- Cover the parts with a warm towel.
- Note the symptoms of shock and give oxygen if possible.
- Do not give victim anything by mouth.
- Move victim to hospital immediately.

                                             Pelvic injuries                                                   

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* Symptoms of pelvic injuries,  as symptoms of abdominal injuries.
* And may be associated with pelvic injuries injuring the internal organs of the body, such as bladder and bowel, and internal bleeding may happen and severe shock.
* Ambulance injuries, pelvic injuries,  as the abdomen.

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chest injuries,Symptoms and first aid for chest injuries

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Chest injuries serious injuries, the patient may lose his life if it is not good care of this injury, because the chest contains: members of breathing, heart and major blood vessels.

Chest injuries are divided into:

 1- closed injuries (such as broken ribs).

2 - open injuries allow the entry of air into the chest cavity (and this a very serious injury).

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Symptoms of chest injury:

 1 - severe pain where injury.

2 - the patient feels difficulty in breathing, and inability to stretch the chest during inspiration.

3 - change the color of the skin in place of injury (redness - pale - blue color).

4 - cough accompanied by blood.

5 - shock, and falling circulation.

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First aid for open chest injuries:

 These injuries may cause many risks because it could affect the heart or a blood vessel.

 Important instructions:

 - Let the objects planted in its place, without that we drag them, and put gauze around it to prevent the move.
- The patient is moved gently and quickly to the hospital, with the lifting of the head and shoulders.
- Give artificial respiration, if the case needs.

First aid for injuries chest closed (broken ribs).

• Use a pillow, or sheet for fixation injured part, it is possible to an infected injury put his hand on , and fixation arm with the chest, and neck attached in the carrier

• Lift the head and injured his shoulders to secure the freedom of breathing.
•  Notice of breath, gave oxygen if possible.
•  Note vital signs.
• Move victim immediately to hospital.
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Head injuries and spinal cord

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Head injuries can be:
1 - wounds in the scalp are usually accompanied by bleeding.

 2 - brain injuries.

 3 - fractures of the skull bones.

Causes of head injuries and spinal cord:

1 - auto accidents

. 2 - Falling from height.

 3 - sports such as diving.

Symptoms of head injuries and spinal cord:

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- Change in the degree of awareness, or lost consciousness.

 - Severe head pain, neck or back.

 - Kidney or partial paralysis of the limbs (loss of sensation of the limbs or the ability to move

 the parties)

    - Shock.                                                - Convulsions   

  . - Bleeding from the head   .            

 - Inability to breathe.                               - Loss of vision.

 - Loss of equilibrium.                             - Speech disorders.

 - Vomiting, nausea, headache.

 - Bruises in the head, especially around the eye and behind the ear.

 - Bleeding from the nose or ear, or leakage of spinal liquid from the nose or ear

 - Lost control of the control of urination and defecation.

 - Fractures are considered the backbone of serious fractures, as it may result in injury to

the spinal cord, which may lead to permanent paralysis.

Ambulance patient suspected of suffering in the head and spine

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- Do not move the injured in cases of head and neck.

 - Fixed the head and neck in the point of injury.

 - Stopped the bleeding and try to control it.

 - Secure the course of the airways, so that they are open.

 - Give oxygen if available.

 - Notice of vital signs, the awareness of the extent and duration and convulsions.

 - Then warm the patient.

 - Call the paramedics to transport the patient under medical care.

 - The number of paramedics at least 4

    medical staff.

In case of breaking the neck and spine, should be placed (medical fitness) of the neck before the transfer of the patient, and are carefully transferred to a wooden board

Injuries of bones and muscles.

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Bones and muscles injuries are 4 types:

 (1) - Fractions: It is of two types:

 * Closed fractures: fractures are not accompanied by an open wound on the skin.

 * Open fractures: fractures are accompanied by open wounds in the skin, and the emergence of both sides of the broken bone of the skin, and these fractures are potentially serious, because of the possibility of bleeding, infections and pollution.

The signs and symptoms of fractures.

- Pain and swelling at the site of injury.

 - Inability to move the injured part.

 - Change in skin color and deformity in the injured part.

How do you do ambulance fractures?

First: Check the airway, breathing, and circulation.

 Second :  stop the bleeding, by pressing the direct or indirect, or making pressure of

the arteries. over the place of the bleeding.

 Third: Do not move the broken part.

 Fourth: remove any accessories from the place of fracture, such as the ring or

the watch ..... , before the swelling at the site of the fracture.

 Fifth: do not mak e (massage) for the broken part.

  Sixth: Make a splint for the broken part (splint making will come later).

 And finally: Move the injured to hospital.

( 2 )- Onyx:

 It is a strain or tear in the ligament partially surrounding the cartilage, joints and more prone

 to this are the ankle joint and knee joint..

Ambulance patient in case of Onyx.

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1) make a fixation of the injured part in a more comfortable position.

2) place the ice to reduce pain and swelling.

3) do not try to remove the boot if the Onyx in the foot.

4) move the injured to the hospital.

(3)Joint dislocation:

 it is one of the transmission of bone-forming detailed from natural place, in the sense of

grandeur by the transition from inside to outside the joint, and this happen in the shoulder

 and the annex.

1) call an ambulance immediately.

2) do not try to move the deposed.

3) make a splint on the same situation, which you found injured part

4) place the ice over the affected area to reduce swelling and internal bleeding.

(4 ) Muscle rupture:

It is rupture of the muscle, more muscle, which is under the muscle is torn back muscle.

                                              Splints    

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The purpose of splints:

 1 - to reduce pain.

 2 -. Prevent further injuries and complications.

 3 - prevent conversion to closed fractures, open fractures.

 4 - to prevent the movement of the broken part, during transportation, to prevent more

injuries in the arteries or muscles.

Important Notes:

 - Must be a long splint, stretching across the bottom of the joints and the highest fraction.

 - You must use the interval between the splint and the skin of the patient, such as

  , Cotton clothing.

 - It should be noted that the splint is not pressing on blood vessels, (for example, to break

the arm, feel the pulse at the wrist, and scan the fingers, to note any change in skin color),

also if the patient feels with difficulty in the movement of the fingers, or numbness, we have

 to reduce the ligaments immediately to prevent any damage.

 - Raise the injured part after making splints.

How to make a splint?

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1) Make a splint on the same situation in which you  found the broken part.

2) Bring something that supports the broken part, such as a wooden stick - newspaper

folded - folded clothes ..... It is possible to use a member of an unbroken user to strengthen

the broken, for example in the case of fracture in a finger can be used to strengthen the

finger next to the broken finger.

3) Put this next to the broken compatible inclusive of the joints above and below.

4) wrap (gauze or cloth) around the broken part and subsidized, then Link to the ligaments

without exaggeration, to allow the passage of blood.

5) From time to time, examine the blood circulation to the injured part, if you noticed a

tingling or dull in color of the skin expand the splint.

                                                 Pictures of splints

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Bleeding definition, causes, complications, types, and ways to resuscitate it.

The definition of bleeding:

Bleeding is the loss of a large amount of blood outside the blood circulation.

Causes of bleeding:

1 - blood diseases such as lack of factors that help clotting (platelets).

2 - wounds and injuries.

 3 - during or after surgery.

 4 - result of the explosion and the bleeding blood vessel, such as bleeding from the duodenal ulcer - tuberculosis respiratory - oesophageal varices .....

. 5 - continued use of certain drugs which lead to blood thinners such as aspirin.

Bleeding complications (very important).

 1 - lose blood

 2 - shock                        =             Death

3 - Pain

4 - microbial contamination

How to stop the bleeding

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1) Wash your hands with soap and water and wear gloves to protect yourself.

2) If a party to the part that bleeds upper or lower, then raise it above heart level to reduce the bleeding.

3) Press the place directly above the bleeding using a bandage.

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4) If bleeding does not stop clicking your highest level to close the bleeding artery fed (if the red blood opening) or by pressing the bottom level to close the bleeding vein (if blood is dark red).
5) If the bleeding does not stop, do the arterial pressure (tourniquet) and are made in case of bleeding and the parties do not work only after the failure of all previous attempts, because they lead to prevent the circulation of the party  as a whole (very serious).

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- How is the work of the arterial pressure?

Wrap a piece of broad cloth over twice the level of bleeding, and then make a node and then the other node, place a wooden stick or a pen and then roll the stick or pen until the closure of the artery completely.

Write the time you work pressure of the arteries, because you are removing the pressure every 20 minutes for 20 seconds until the blood passes to the injured party (to avoid gangrene).

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6) When the bleeding stops or slows down we have to make a bandage:

- Specification that the bandage should be used:

* it must be sterile.

* it must be of material does not stick to the wound.

* it must have the ability to absorb the blood well.

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- Wrap the bandage over the wound, to occur direct pressure, and at the same time to cause pieces of the blood of the parties (can work choose to know you bandage wrapped firmly or not, and that by raising the party who is bleeding above the level of the heart, and pressure with the fingers on the hand or foot, as if the party who returned to bleed pink color of the skin after more than two seconds of pressure, this indicates that the bandage wrapped hard and must be expanded)



- If the bandage soaked place above the other, and if saturated second place third, if saturated, remove the second, third and so on ... Does not remove the bandage so as not to lose the first blood clot that formed to stop the bleeding (the maximum number of bandages is three).

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Types of bleeding:

 - External bleeding

 Is a blood loss through injury of the skin.

 Internal bleeding:

 In these cases could be out of the blood inside the body to the outside through natural openings, such as the following cases
: 1 - bleeding from the nose (epistaxis).
2 - bleeding from the stomach (vomiting contagious).
3 - bleeding from the urethra
Bleeding from the anus (rectal bleeding).
Bleeding from the vagina (vaginal bleeding).
And there are other cases where there is internal bleeding, and no blood comes out of the human body (such as brain bleeding ) :-

Note the symptoms of shock:(Shock, the possibility of internal bleeding.

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Pallor.
A cold sweat
Very weak.
Rapid and weak pulse.
Breathe slowly and deeply.

                                                           {Bleeding ear}

Ambulance bleeding ear

 *The patient is sitting or lying on his back.

* Leaning his head on the ear, which bled.

* Place a clean bandage over the ear and plug pressure bandages.

*Not packed with gauze infected ear.

* If the bleeding is the result of wound surface in the outer part does not transfer the patient to the hospital.

* In case of bleeding from the inner ear move the injured to hospital.




                                                          {Bleeding nose}

Causes of nose bleeding

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* Wound in the nose.

* Punch to the nose.

* Dryness of the mucous membranes lining the nose.

* The continued use of some medications that cause blood thinners such as aspirin.

* Develop a foreign body in the nose.

* Inflammation of the nose.

* Rise in blood pressure.

Ambulance bleeding nose.

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* The patient sits leaning forward.

* Avoid raising the head of the injured back and to avoid swallowing blood or inhaled.

* Place the ice over the nose.

* Must avoid the infected nose suffered any injuries.

Ambulance vaginal bleeding (pregnant woman, or after birth).

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1 - lift the pelvic area and put a pillow.
2 - cold compresses on the abdomen.
3 - annexation of the thighs instead of direct pressure.

     Important Note           

In case of bleeding from the anus or urethra or vagina, or the stomach, the patient is transferred immediately to the hospital.

Signs of serious bleeding

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1 - continued bleeding despite a large amount of pressure on the place of bleeding for at least 15 minutes.
2 - a severe pain.
3 - bleeding from the vagina of a pregnant woman, or after birth.
4 - out of blood, of the human body openings.
5 - shock.

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